PLANTS DIAGRAM
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⊹ ⊹\ HIRE / ⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹|⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹o⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹o⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
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HIRE
Me, CONRAD!
PLANT BREAKDOWN
Plants need nutrients
for the formation of amino acids
which are the building blocks of
protein ,
plant cell division ,
and plant growth
plants need
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen (from air and water)
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
sulpher
calcium
magnesium (from soil) (.2% to 4% dry weight)
(relatively large quantities known as macro-nutrients)(plant growth is retarded if these are lacking in the soil)
plants need
boron
chlorine
manganese
iron
zinc
copper
molybdenum
nickel
(relatively small quantities , ppm , known as micro-nutrients or trace elements
plants uptake
phosphorus (used by algae and photosynthetic animals/organism)(fertilizer has phosphorus / runoff has phosphorus / phosphorus is stored in sedimentary rock)
plants absorb
orthophosphates
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HYDROLOGY
Riverine
Covered with surface water2+ months per year (Prairie Marsh) (PH 7.0) (Rockland)
Low water retention (Oak) (Pine) (Xerophytic)
Rapid Percolation (Oak) (Pine) (Xerophytic)
Water Recharge Areas (Oak) (Pine) (Xerophytic)
Shallow Seasonal Flooding / Hardpan (Saw Palmetto) (Flatwoods) (Praire) (Pine)
Water Moves down through swamps (Hardwood) (Forest) (Swamp) (Elevated)
Daily Tides (Swamp) (Coastal Marsh)
Seasonal Tides (Swamp) (Coastal Marsh)
Damp to wet swales (Coastal) (Ridges)
Inundated 10-90% of year (Marsh)
Rainy Season Flooding (Prairie) (Grassland)
Fluctuation of water levels (cypress) (swamp) (forests)
Elevated to experience little flooding (Cabbage Palm) (Hammock)
Natural flood storage zones (Cypress) (Swamp) (Forests)
Highly Permeable (Coastal) (Xeric) (Ridges) (Dunes)
SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Fires
Border
Mosaic
Intermingles
Herbaceous
Wetlands
Saline
Frost resistant
High canopy
No over-story
No hardwoods
Not suitable for development
Coastal Marsh / Ridge
MICRO-CLIMATE
Exposed
Shaded
Dense
Varies
Open
Low light intensities
low wind velocities
high humidity
dry
reduced insolation
frost from low topography
reduced wind-speed
higher humidity
water moderates temp fluctuations
higher humidity in interior
surface water moderates temperature
due to tree canopy higher humidity and shade
proximity to ocean waters provides cold protection
heat
hot
windy (yes) (no)
sheltered (yes) (no)
salt exposure (none) low (high)
light
some shade
no shade
full sun
light shade
high insolation
low light intensities
SOIL (MISSING LINK)
histosols (ultisols) limestone bedrock (hardpan) clay (entisols) spodosols
artificial (shell middens) alluvial sands (surface litter) maris (silt) other sediment (peat) shell fragments (course sand) sand (calcareous sands / high ph) muck (loam = sand, clay, silt) humus (mud) marl = clay, lime: 7 PH (leached quartz sands - low PH)
ph
acidic 0-6
neutral
slightly acidic
7.0
alkaline 8-14
slightly alkaline 7-8
circumneutral
most plants grow best in PH 5.5 - 6.5
drainage
rich
well-drained
Well-Drained
Highly leached
poor
extremely
fair
rapid percolation
Salt
moderate
medium
some
none
low
high
Nutrient supply
medium
good
high
low no
Fertility
infertile
wide range
no
medium
rich
high
low
Amount
up to 15%
large amount
sometimes
top few inches
thin layer
scattered pockets
shallow
deep
heavy
Organic Matter
moderate
medium
high
none
low
Doughty
moderate
minimal
very
Moisture (wet) dry (good) brackish (inundated) wide range (no flooding)
Amount
saturated
moderate
very
Retention
moderate
low
saturated
good
moist
constant
high
How
standing water
flooding
seepage
Time
two or more months
most of year
long periods
fluctuates
annual
temporary
yearly
Particles SOIL
clay
sand
fertile
loam
calcareous
limestone based
moisture-holding
silt
maris
peat
leached quartz sands low PH
marl = clay + lime / 7.0 PH
loam = sand, silt, clay
calcareous sands / upper PH
course sand
humus
shell fragments
other sediments
mud
surface litter
muck
alluvial sands
shell middens
artificial
TYPE
1. wet
2. moist
3. dry
4. sandy
5. organic
6. loam
7. chemistry
8. drainage
9. nutrients
10. minerals
11. PH
12. Salt Content
URBAN PLANT
yes
no
pollution resistant
WIND TOLERANCE
yes
no
shelter
TRUNK
showy in winter
peeling
not showy
exfoliating
multi-trunked
HABITAT
garden
ECOSYSTEMS (saline) (fresh)
dominate vegetation species ecosystem
mangrove
cypress
cabbage palm
pine
oak
scrub oak
saw palmetto
mixed vegetation complex ecosystem
special to florida
woody
aquatic
scrub
hardwoods
hammocks
swamp
marshes
prairie
hummock
grasslands
savanna
flatwoods
geological scale landform ecosystems
coastal
maritime
rocklands
flat
sand hill
landform feature type ecosystems
stream
pond
springs beach
sloughs
tree
river
island
ridge
mound
dune
hill
sand
undulating
knoll
rolling
level
elevation
lagoonal valleys
swales
dome
berm
shallow depressions
area ecosystems
general ecosystem
lands
communities
forests
clay
density
open
abundant
hydration focused ecosystem
freshwater
wetlands
xeric
mesic
hydric
flowing
relative elevation ecosystems
topo
uplands
distal
low
high
urban ecosystems
parking lot
enbankment
retention pond
detention pond
canals
drainage swales
rights-of-way
powerline
medians
road
buildings
OUTSTANDING PLANT
yes
no
adaptive
GROWTH RATE
fast
slow
moderate
PET FRIENDLY
yes
no
NATIVE
yes
no
POISONOUS
yes
no
mild
low
ALLEOPATHIC
yes
no
EDIBLE
yes
no
HIGHLY - COMBUSTIBLE
yes
no
SELF - SEEDING
yes
no
FLORIDA FRIENDLY
yes
no
unknown
CaCO3 TOLERANCE
low
medium
high
AGGRESSIVE
yes
no
spreading
ISSUES
spider mites
sunscald
bagworms
aphids
winter-die-back
thorns
lightly shaded
FERTILIZERS
maintenance
none once established
summer mulch
high medium low
pruning
interior
thinning
late winter
early spring
prune old wood
PEST
moderate
low
high
animal resistance
no serious threats
insects
deer
no
moderate
CULTIVARS
ATTRACTS WHAT?
pollinators
caterpillars
butterflies
bees
birds
humming birds
ducks
LIGHT
sun
full sun
morning sun
part sun
mid-sun
lightly shaded
full shade
shifting shade
part shade
shade
hours per day
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
low
moderate
high
EASY TRANSPLANT
HARDINESS
for species
medium
high
low
ROOTS
shallow
tap
colonies
sprouts from roots / lower trunk
issues
usually not
water requirements
low
medium
high
moist
moderate in summer
wet feet
occasionally wet
near water
regularly
aquatic
DISEASES
BRANCHES
habit
arching
cascading
new stem color
copper
gray / silver
brown
yellow
green
reddish
crown
irregular
vase
picturesque canes
symmetrical
break tolerance
low
high
medium
resistant
moderate
density
moderate
dense
open
very dense
less dense in shade
pattern
multi-stemmed
horizontal
crooked
clumping
upright
angular
new stem thickness
thick
medium
thin
wind tolerance
high
medium
low
for species*
FLOWERS
showy
persistent
size
shape
globe
rosette
bell
pyramidal
pom pom
tubular
bell-shaped
star-shaped
slaver form
saucer-shaped
cross-shaped
pitcher-shaped
trumpet shaped
color
pink
tan
orange
yellow
green
red
blue
burgundy
white
purple
lemon-yellow
lavender
lavender-pink
yellow to cream white
fragrance
pleasant
moderate
unpleasant
citrus
none
poor
habits
erect
recurved
pendant
horizontal facing out
inflourescences
spike
flower-head
umbel
raceme
panacle
corymb
axilary
cluster
solitary
terminary
cyme
flowering season
Winter / JAN
Winter / FEB
SPring / MAR
SPring / APR
SPring / MAY
Summer / JUNE
Summer /JULY
Summer / AUG
Fall / SEP
Fall / OCT
Fall / NOV
Winter / DEC
duration
early
winter
spring
summer
fall
late
time
night
morning
cool months
warm months
HEIGHT
FRUIT
showy
not showy
persistent
shape
oval
round
color
orange
yellow
purple
read
tan
size
time
late summer
LEAVES
showy
size
color
light-green
red-tinged
dark-green
dark
gray-green
medium green
blue green
silver-unite
purple
pink
yellow
red
green
blue
cream
silver
orange
white
lavender
variegated
fall characteristics
no change
not showy
yellow
purple
red
foliage arise color
burgundy
maroon
winter color
purplish-bronze
wine-red
appearance
glossy
reddish
semi-glossy
flat
margins
entire
ciliate
spiny spinose
wavy undulate
toothed dentate
finely toothed serrate
fragrant
yes
no
type
simple
compound
shape
strap-shaped
cupped
sickle-shaped
linear
heart-shaped
lance-shaped
pan-shaped
triangular
needlelike
oak-shaped
rounded
kidney-shaped
eliptic-oval
ovate
arrow
inversely-heart
obovate
oblong
fronds
deltate
tips
rounded obtuse
acute sharply pointed
notched emarginate
blunt truncate
arrangements
rosette
opposite
sub-opposite
perfoliate
alternate
whorled
4-ranked
2-ranked
lobing and division
palmately lobed
shallowly lobed
pinnatisect
pinnate
2-pinnate
3-pinnate
5-palmate
3-palmate
HARDINESS ZONE
7 / 7a / 7b
8 / 8a / 8b
9 / 9a / 9b
10 / 10a / 10b
11 / 11a / 11b
HEAT ZONE
8
9
10
11
12
FWB
90 days - 120 days above 86 degrees
PLANT TYPE
under-story
ground cover
small
medium
large
shrub
small
medium
large
tree
small
medium
large
palm
small
medium
large
SIGHT POSITION
north facing
east facing
west facing
south facing
PLANT SPACING
SPREAD
TOUCH
poisonous
prickly
fuzzy
thorns
soft
slippery
SALT TOLERANCE
low
unknown
high
poor
moderate
soil
DROUGHT TOLERANCE
moderate
high
low
HEAT TOLERANT
yes
no
COLD TOLERANT
yes
no
Temperature requirements
freeze
no freeze
temperate
sub-tropical
WINTER INTEREST
yes
no
year-round
SILHOUETTE
spreading vase
flat-topped
soft
airy
TEXTURE
course
fine
medium
needle-like
IRRIGATION
yes
no
low
medium
high
PLANTING
january
february
march
april
may
june
july
august
september
october
november
december
year-round
time
spring
summer
fall
HABIT / SHAPE
vase
cushion / mound forming
climbing and scandent
loosly arranged
low
matt-forming
mound
clump-forming
erect
thin blades
compact
cascading
upright
pyramidal
weeping
prostrate
sprawling
arching
stemless
compact
rounded
leaning
round
columnar
formal
spreading
broad
unusual
bushy
USES
rocky garden
slope
bird shelter
edge
mixed shrubbery boarder
bog
companion plant highlighter
back of perennial border
out of bound cover
fruit
hedge
cascading down wall
above ground planter
cutting garden
border
natural hedge
meadow
mass planting
screen
superior hedge
accent
erosion control
barrier
container
group planting
shrub border
privacy edge
clipped hedge
focal point
weed blockers
bird shelter
naturalizing
reclamation
foundation
background
specimen
pond area
wind break
WATER REQUIREMENTS
1. WET ( hydric )
2. Dry ( xeric )
3. moderate ( mesic )
4. 48" - 60" precipitation rate / native plants
dioecious
gymnosperm
herbaceous
biennial
deciduous
pioneer
monocot
annual
perennial
evergreen
semi-evergreen succulent
dicot
aquatic
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
---------------
Plant Forms -
1. spreading
2. globose
3. sub-globose
4. irregular
5. creeping
6. round - headed
7. irregular - spreading
8. pyramidal
9. picturesque
10. upright
11. irregular - upright
12. conical
A]]] - non-vascular / BRYOPYTES \ 1 / mosses / 2 \ liverworts / 3 \ hornworts
most live in water
lack roots
lack vascular tissue
have rhizoids
simple reproduction system : reproduce by / 1 \ spores / 2 \ vegetative propagation
no true \ 1 / roots \ 2/ stems \ 3 / leaves
depend on water for reproduction
B]]] vascular plants / gymnosperms and angiosperms \
have vascular tissues
larger than non - vascular plants
have / 1 \ flowers / 2 \ seeds
complex reproduction systems
three groups
a. seedless - ferns , horsetails / club mosses
b. naked seed [ gymnosperms ] - conifers - cycads - ginkos
c. protected seed [ angiosperms ] - flowering plants - grasses - deciduous trees
LEAF FORMS
1. single
2. compound
3 . pinnate vs. bi-pinnate
4. palmate
Herbaceous (pioneer species) - have leaves and stems that die down at end of season
Non-herbaceous : plants are the woody plants
Early successional species
The most successful and sustainable landscape matches the plants with the prevalent stresses. The practice of constant control of stresses violates the notion of a sustainable landscape in its purest form.
Threatened Florida Plant species
everglades palm
silver palm
mahogany
prickly pear
rose mary
satin wood
Endangered Plant Species
thatch palm
beach peanut
buc palm
lignum vitae
birdsnest
ironwood
carolina all spice
pygmy fringe tree
ink wood
silver tabebuia is appropriate for a courtyard
plant material can assist in energy reduction by shade in summer and sunlight in winter
harmful characteristics of various Florida plants !
[ invasives ] : chocking out natives / no natural predators
[ poisons ] : itching / burning of skin / rashes / redness / swelling / blistering \
[ root destruction ] : sidewalks / pipes \ foundations
[ aquatic harm ] : degredation of water quality / blocking of photosynthesis \ rapid spreading / clogging waterways / impeding waterflow
[ toxic ] : flowers / bark \ leaves / sap \ smoke / stingers \ roots / seeds \
[ spines ]
[ environmental ] : insects / diseases \ disorders ( physiological )
specific harmful plants
poison ivy
azaleas
bracken fern
cherry
coffee senna
crotalaria
hemlock
lantana
nightshade
red maple
privet
perilla mint
cats claw vine
punk tree
cajepot
wild mushrooms
downy maple
brazilian pepper
nerium oleander
castor beans
australian pine
sesbania
pokeweed
yellow jessamine
sago palm fruit
asparagus fern
begonia
black oak
bladderpod
caster bean
croton
english ivy
horsetail
iris
jimson weed
milkweed
chinaberry
foxglove
philodendron
autum crocus
pothos
jatropha
american holly
rhoeo spathalea
poinsettia
peace lily
dieffenbachia
caladium
poison oak
poison sumac
nettles
cnidoscolus
arrowhead
ligustrum lucidium
coral ardisia
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⊹ ⊹\ HIRE / ⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹|⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹o⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹o⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹o⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
HIRE
Me, CONRAD!